Tibet History during the Period of Republic of China

Tibet History during the Period of Republic of China – the Beginning of Republic of China

In October 10th, 1911 Qing Dynasty was overthrew with more than 2000 years monarchy establishing the Republic of China after the Revolution of 1911 held by Sun Yat-sen. On January 1, 1912, Sun Yat-sen became the temporary president of the Republic of China and published the Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China asserted that Tibet region belongs China as well as be mentioned again by Yuan Shih-kai who became the generalissimo in April.

Tibet History during the Period of Republic of China – British's Instigation

British imperialists sowed discord between Chinese government and Tibet region after the revolution of 1911, impeding the communication between Tibetan and Han people so that all of the Sichuan military army retreated Tibet region at the end of December 1912. The 13th Dalai Lama went back to Lhasa in December 1912 and punished the monks who supported Tibetan officials and Sichuan military army, but he can't support "Tibet Dependence" at that time, which was not satisfied for British imperialists.

After that, British imperialists trained military officer who worked for them to battle with the Republic of China. In the year of 1917, 1920m 1922 and 1931, Tibetan military army started the wars several times with the Republic of China with the help of Britain and signed an agreement in 1932. The 9th Panchen had to flee to Beijing in 1923.

In 1919, some officials of the Republic of China came into Tibet region for meeting with the 13th Dalai Lama. Afterwards, the 13th Dalai Lama proposed to establish the good relationship with the Republic of China while the 9th Panchen established the office in Nanjing city; in the meanwhile, nationalist party established the national government in Nanjing city in 1929. In 1931, Dalai Lama's office has been established in Beijing, which has been the contact institution between Tibet region and the Republic of China. In April 1933, the official send by the 9th Panchen Lama returned to Tibet to meet with Dalai Lama. The 13th Dalai Lama died in 30th October, 1933 in Tibetan calendar and then the 9th Panchen Lama took charge of Tibet affairs later.

After the death of the 13th Dalai Lama, the 9th Panchen Lama was expected to deal with the Tibet affairs while the Retsen Living Buddha was appointed as the regent by national party. Thus the 9th Panchen Lama decided to back to Tibet region from Beijing in March 1935, which was impeded a lot by British. During the time of Anti-Japanese War (1937-1945), the 9th Panchen Lama to stay in Yushu of Qinghai Province with the pressure of British imperialist forces, which led him disappointedly died in Yushu in 1st December, 1937.

Tibet History during the Period of Republic of China – The 14th Dalai Lama

The reincarnation of the 13th Dalai Lama was found in 1939 and educated in Lhasa, which was appointed as the 14th Dalai Lama in February 1940. With the confirmation of the 14th Dalai Lama, the relationship between Tibet region and central government has been improved with the high prestige of Retsen Living Buddha. Thus Retsen Living Buddha was calumniated by British imperialist force and resigned in January 1941. Later Dadrak Living Buddha was controlled by British imperialist force and India government against central government. In 7th May, 1947 Retsen Living Buddha was murdered in prison and the separatist activities of Tibet Region continuously happened.

Tibet History during the Period of Republic of China – the People's Republic of China Established

In the summer of 1949, China's political situation was changed while the liberation of Nanjing City by the People's Liberation Army, the Chinese Communist claimed the dominion of Tibet region.

During the period of Republic of China, Tibet history contains the invasions of western imperialist power and the resistances of Tibetan people while the establishment of New China.